The defeat of the Parisian insurrection of June, 1848-the first great battle between Proletariat and Bourgeoisie-drove again into the background, for a time, the social and political aspirations of the European working class. A Danish and a Polish edition had also been published. The first English translation, by Miss Helen Macfarlane, appeared in George Julian Harney's "Red Republican," London, 1850. A French translation was brought out in Paris, shortly before the insurrection of June, 1848. Drawn up in German, in January, 1848, the manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution of February 24th. At a Congress of the League, held in London in November, 1847, Marx and Engels were commissioned to prepare for publication a complete theoretical and practical party-program. The "Manifesto" was published as the platform of the "Communist League," a workingmen's association, first exclusively German, later an international, and under the political conditions of the Continent before 1848, unavoidably a secret society.
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